Christianity & the Revolutionary War :: essays research papers

Christianity and the American Revolutionary War Harry Stout points out in the lead article, How Preachers Incited Revolution, "it was Protestant clergy who propelled colonists toward independence and who theologically justified war with Britain" (n.pag). According to Cassandra Niemczyk in her article in this issue of Christian History "(the Protestant Clergy) were known as "the Black Regiment" (n.pag). Furthermore, as the article Holy Passion for Liberty shows, "Americans were quick to discern the hand of God in the tumultuous events of the times" (n.pag). Mark Galli, the editor of this issue says "many devout believers were opposed to the war, and not necessarily on pacifist grounds. Most colonial legislatures exempted pacifists, such as Quakers and Mennonites, from military duty although they were still fined to underwrite the expenses of the war" (n.pag). Stout goes on to say " Pacifist opposition to the war was concentrated in Pennsylvania. Quakers, Mennonites, and Amish refused to fight, and for their refusal were suppressed and humiliated like the royalists" (n.pag). Often the pacifists served in hospitals, tending to both British and American wounded. From these readings one can discern that Eighteenth-century America was a deeply religious culture. Sermons taught not only the way to personal salvation in Christ but also the way to temporal and national prosperity for God’s chosen people. Timothy D. Hall a professor at Central Michigan University in The American Revolution and the Religious Public Sphere gives us this overview: "Religion played other important roles in mobilizing support for Revolution regardless of whether it was evangelical or not. Colonists often encountered Revolutionary themes for the first time when local ministers announced the latest news from the pulpit or when parishioners exchanged information after Sunday meetings. Ministers occupied an important place in the colonial communications network throughout the eighteenth century, especially in towns where few people had access to newspapers and official information was dispensed from the pulpit or lectern. Sunday afternoons provided a convenient time for men who had already gathered for worship to form militia units and drill, and many ministers used their sermons to motivate the minutemen. Israel Litchfield, a young Massachusetts minuteman, recorded that his local minister keyed Biblical texts and sermon themes to the great events of 1 775. In Virginia's Shenandoah Valley the Lutheran minister John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg concluded a Sunday sermon of 1775 by throwing back his ministerial robe to reveal a military uniform, rolling the drum for Patriot recruits, and leading them out for drill.

Multi Layered Security Plan Essay

Simplicity of user’s passwords can be a major problem so we need to implement complex passwords including eight or more characters, both upper and lower case, and use of at least one special character. Passwords will need to be changed every three months and the same password cannot be used again for one calendar year. In the workstation domain, we need to make sure that each of the workstations, whether desktop or laptop, has antivirus and malware protection installed on them. Laptops are very vulnerable for loss or theft, so all company laptops should have an encrypted hard drive so that if they are stolen, the data contained on them is not recovered by anyone but the owner. For the LAN domain, we need to have training about email scams. Most users know not to access suspicious emails when on our system but a quick training course will help. Also, adding spam filters will help get rid of most of the junk email, so there is much less risk of employees opening emails containing malware. In the LAN-to-WAN domain, we need to shut down the FTP server we have running and switch it over to use secure FTP so that only users allowed on our system can access our FTP server. In the WAN domain, we need to make sure that we have firewalls set up on our network to filter all incoming traffic. A firewall will stop all traffic coming on to our system that is not meant or not wanted on the Richman Investments network. For the remote access domain, we need to make sure the VPN we use is secure so that our employees are not exposing sensitive data to anyone outside of our network. In order to do this we will make sure that everyone using a VPN to access our network has to authenticate to the system to get authorization. For the systems/application domain, we need to lessen chances for attacks on our servers. This will be done by figuring out which ports and services are not being used and shutting off access to those ports. This will give hackers less ways onto our system. Also we need to make sure all servers have the latest patches and updates. These updates provide the latest security patches and keep our servers running at their full potential with less likelihood of vulnerabilities. Applying all these security measures will ensure a much safer environment, technically speaking. This multi-layered security approach will help keep our network secure and running smoothly.

The Social Structure Of Science - 879 Words

Because the communication of findings, necessary in the social structure of science, imparts validity challenges to the work there needs to be means by which the scientist can facilitate both communication and validation of the work. This, I suggest, is achieved through the documentation of the scientific process via specific techniques that serve to create both a simulated direct observation and a perceived replicability. Logical positivism, as a form of empiricism, links the validity of a scientific finding with direct experience by asserting that â€Å"experience is the only source of meaning, as well as the only source of knowledge† (Godfrey-Smith, 2003, p. 27) and therefore the only means of verification of a claim. Given that written communication necessary violates the assumption of direct experience other means of establishing this experience become necessary. In the sections that follow, I will highlight two means by which the scientific article asserts objectivity through both simulated direct observation and perceived replicability. The objectivity and replicability established though these means in turn allows for the validation the scientific claim despite the distance created in its communication. The structure of scientific writing The modern day journal article is widely believed to have it origins in the reports of scientific investigations of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, specifically those of Robert Boyle. Day (1989) however credits theShow MoreRelatedReflection On Subjective Judgment On The Nature Of The Social Structure Of Science800 Words   |  4 Pagesproduction, and that acknowledging this will make for greater objectivity in science. She questions the basis for a distinction between the context of discovery and justification. If the context of justification is a myth, then it doesn t make sense to speak about the accuracy of data. If it doesn t make sense to speak about the accuracy of data, then it doesn t make sense to propose a normative philosophy of science based on accuracy. What is need is a better bias. This better bias willRead MoreSocial Class Structures During 19th Century France : Impacted By Science And Technology Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesSocial Class Struct ures in 19th Century France: Impacted by Science and Technology After the introduction of new science and technology in France, a transformation of the social class structure of the 19th century occurred. The idea that this novel science and technology made a significant impact, the cause for the transformation, on social class structures after the Industrial Revolution in France is debatable. The mere thought that science and technology having any negative impact would be harshRead MoreThe Normative Structure Of Science941 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"The Normative Structure of Science,† originally published in 1949 and later anthologized in The Sociology of Science in 1973, the sociologist Robert Merton claimed that science was inherently a social act. He did so by contending that scientists were dependent on a social structure and as such were bound by what he termed the â€Å"ethos of science† (Merton, 1973, p. 268). These ethos represent the internalized values and norms that form the scientific conscience. Includ ed in these ethosRead MoreThe Role Of Media And Its Effects On Society778 Words   |  4 Pagesexample heterosexual couples and their children is periodic pattern in social world. Human agency yields human structure because it is reliant on society satisfying their roles in order to continue their old-style family structure/ education system. Associations between institutions on how non-media social structures (government/economy) affect media industry and vice versa. Relationships inside organizations on how structure of media industry effect media personnel and circuitously media productsRead MoreSociology : Social Science And Sociology1386 Words   |  6 PagesComte,1838 Cours de philosophie Positive] by Comte in 1838. The social forces, however, were complicated actually, which included both social, economical, cultural and even a little bit of political or religious elements. This essay explains these factors in the following part. 2.1 Social Science and Sociology The philosophes found that what the Bible said could not be taken for granted and began to highlight to learn the secular science to know deeply about human nature during the period of the EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Science1076 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore the philosophy of social science of which he categorises into four modes. He attempted to seek for the acceptable compromises between all and each mode to define a better way of understanding the social world. Hollis clearly states that the key task of this book is to reflect on the underlying philosophy of social science through the critical examination of the theory and methodology in each approach. Some of the key questions are; whether the study of social science can use the same methodRead MoreStructural Constraint Is Regulation That Limits Agency ( Intentional Undetermined Human Action, What You Might Or Might773 Words   |  4 Pagesexample heterosexual couples and their children is recurring pattern i n social world. Human agency produces human structure because it is dependent on society fulfilling their roles in order to continue their traditional family structure/ education system. Relationships between institutions on how non-media social structures (government/economy) affect media industry and vice versa. Relationships within institutions on how structure of media industry effect media personnel and indirectly media productsRead MoreAn Sociological Study And What We Call Sociological Imagination Essay736 Words   |  3 Pageslives, he lives in a moral paralysis without fully accept that life affects you, it affects society because both are considered together. Our time is characterized by malaise and indifference, lack of values ​​and feel threatened. The task of the social scientist is to clarify the elements of contemporary uneasiness and indifference. Today the information exceeds the capacity of assimilation, and mental quality that helps to use that information and to develop reason is needed, which is the basisRead MoreDeveloping Instructional Practices For Students With Specific Learning Disabilities Case Study1280 Words   |  6 PagesStudents with Specific Learning Disabilities Part One How to Support Students with Specific Learning Disabilities The research-based instructional practices for supporting students with reading, mathematics, and language disabilities in the science and social studies content areas throughout elementary school include concept maps, self-questioning strategy, SQ3R strategy, problem-solving strategy, modified reciprocal teaching strategy and K–W–L strategy. Concept maps are forms of graphic organizersRead MoreProject Is Focussed On The Exploitation Of Alm1651 Words   |  7 Pageslimitations of the two concepts. Founded by Bhaskar through a combination of transcendental realism (Bhaskar, 1975) and critical naturalism (Bhaskar, 1998), critical realism provides an interface between the two predominant approaches within the sciences. As stated, Bhaskar is seen as the founding father of critical realism but it wasn’t until later in its development that other scholars termed the concept ‘critical realism’. Critical realism (made up of transcendental realism and critical naturalism)

The Iroquois Confederacy - 1198 Words

1). The reason for the construction of the Iroquois confederacy, or the league of the Iroquois, (Haudenosaunee) was the impeding factor of disunity between the tribes. Hienwatha, a Mohawk Iroquois, lived in Ontario and observed the disunity between the Iroquois tribes. In an attempt to unify the nations, he approached rival tribes and argued the benefits of unification. Initially, his idea is shut down by the elders of each tribe. The changing climate that started to occur, however, increased confrontations between tribes. Hienwatha yet again tries to explain to the Iroquois people about the possibility of peace and is rejected again. He then alludes the nations to a weaved belt of wampum shells which supposedly illustrated the connectedness of the five Iroquois nations. He traveled among the nations, of which all then supported the idea of unity, and was able to form a seemingly impenetrable force. 2) Bacon’s Rebellion, King Phillip’s War, and the Pequot War all derided from the yearning of land, and land agreements with both local landowners and Natives. Bacon’s Rebellion essentially was due to the inadequate amount of land now-freed indentured servants could attain. A few large families or companies owned all of the land leaving none for future businessmen in hopes of making a profit off of agricultural endeavors. The impact of Bacon’s rebellion was the end to Indentured Servitude within the colonies and, more importantly, the introduction of Slavery within Virginia.Show MoreRelatedThe Iroquois Confederacy1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Peacemaker and Hayonhwatha thought that there had to be a better way. They came up with the plan of peace. The Iroquois Confederacy was that the five nations’ sitting in council would come together and agree on things that affected everyone. Small affairs would be handled within the tribe. If someone attacked one tribe, then they would be attacking everyone. The reason the confederacy worked so well is that everyone supported another and how the issues was handled. Small thing that did not matterRead MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 PagesIROQUOIS CONFEDERACY by Loretta Hall OVERVIEW The Iroquois Confederacy, an association of six linguistically related tribes in the northeastern woodlands, was a sophisticated society of some 5,500 people when the first white explorers encountered it at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The 1990 Census counted 49,038 Iroquois living in the United States, making them the countrys eighth most populous Native American group. Although Iroquoian tribes own seven reservations in New YorkRead MoreThe Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations1570 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations Thesis: Examine how the Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, and Cayuga, and the 1722 addition of the Tuscarora, resulted in the Iroquois Confederacy or Six Nations and their influence on the creation of the Constitution. Nicole Cushingberry Cultural Anthropology Michael Striker December 16, 2011 Nicole Cushingberry Instructor: Michael Striker Anthropology 100 The Iroquois: Confederacy to Six Nations The Iroquois Confederacy, also knownRead MoreHow The Iroquois Confederacy Helped Shape The New Law Of The Land Back1089 Words   |  5 Pagescame across the topic of how the Iroquois Confederacy helped shape the new law of the land back in the 1700s when the constitution was written in Independence Hall in Philadelphia (history.com). What is the Iroquois Confederacy? The Iroquois confederacy or the League of Iroquois are a band of several Native American tribes that are originally from the area that is now New York (mpm.edu). The Seneca, Onondaga, Cayuga, Oneida, and Mohawk make up the original Iroquois but around early 1700s the Tuscarora’sRead MoreThe United States And The Native Americans Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthe strong standing nation that it is today. Meanwhile the original inhabitants, the Native Americans, often received the aggression and oppression of this growing nation, but they weren’t the savages the U.S. claimed them to be. In fact, the Iroquois Confederacy was the main influence of the U.S Constitution. This paper will discuss the differences as well as the similarities, which are thought to be controversial, between these two historical documents. The difference between the two groups has beenRead MoreEssay about The Iroquois 964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Iroquois Native Americans were the first people to live in America before any other man came. It is believed that the Native Americans came from Asia way back during the Ice Age through a land bridge of the Bering Strait. When the Europeans first set foot on America, there were about 10 million Native AmericansRead MoreThe American Of The United States Constitution Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Constitution was heavily influenced by the Iroquois Confederacy’s political theory, though Eurocentric history lessons often teach about the French and Greek influence. In 1988, the House Concurrent Resolution 331 passed which recognized the Iroquois Confederacy’s contribution to the U.S. Constitution. Even after H.Con.Res 331 was passed, the Iroquois Confederacy’s influence continues to be disregarded, most people have to wait until specific classes in higher education to learnRead MoreMyth Analysis : The Iroquois Creation Myth1288 Words   |  6 PagesMyth Ana lysis In the Iroquois creation myth, Sky Woman understood that she was pregnant with twins and was pushed by her husband into the Earth’s waters below the above world. Little Toad was able to bring up mud to spread on Big Turtle’s back, and it grew to become the size of North America where Sky Woman created the Iroquois world. Her children, Sapling and Flint, were important in creating the details of the land such as rivers, fish, plants, and even the seasons. The Sky People, Demi-godsRead MoreThe Differences Between Native Americans And Europeans1323 Words   |  6 Pageslived in tents. There was no such thing as rich or poor between tribes, which eliminated competition to move up the social ladder. Some tribes were very small, and to avoid being outrun by larger tribes, the Natives formed a system called the Iroquois Confederacy. Europeans were used to a system in which people worked for nobles in exchange for protection and land; this system is called feudalism. Europe an’s arrival in America led to the rise of nationalism; which is having superiority over other nationsRead MoreThe Many Variations and Common Themes of Constitutions1499 Words   |  6 PagesFrance, Iraq, Vietnam, and other nations. Even ancient civilizations established one, such as Greece, Rome, Babylon, the Iroquois Confederacy, and others. Constitutions imply different themes, such as rights and justice, but imply one major theme. The constitutions of France, Iraq, the United States of America, Vietnam, ancient Greece and Rome, Babylon, and the Iroquois Confederacy all imply achieving righteousness through eliminating malevolence, just government, recovery from struggles, and justice

Education is Necessary for Society to Function Essay

Education is a powerful tool that supplies a plethora of information to anyone who is willing to learn. There are many degrees to being an educated person as education begins at birth and ends at death. Without education, society as a whole would seize to exist; the knowledge to invent new drugs to cure different diseases would not be available, new societies would not be built, and technology could not move forward. Education supplies people with the morals, beliefs, skills, and knowledge that they can utilize throughout their lives. There is a common misconception that the education of a person begins when they enter into a school system, however, this is simply not the case. The learning process of a person begins when they enter†¦show more content†¦Generational education is an integral part of what makes the world go round. An education is thought to be a privilege in our society. There are a lot of people that cannot afford to go to college to obtain a higher educatio n. The people that cannot afford to go to college are still an important part of our society because they obtained a high degree of knowledge and life skills from their parents, guardians, or other role models in their life. There are millions of jobs in this world that are available to people that do not have a college education but do have some form of education through the knowledge they gained by graduating and earning a high school diploma. Many men in our society today work in the oil field without a college degree. Without these men, oil production would go down or stop completely. Although these men do not have college degrees, they do have some form of education. Although there are millions of jobs that do not require a college degree, there are still millions of jobs that do require a person to have a higher education through a college diploma. The people that can afford a higher education are thought to be the people that succeed in our society, such as doctors, lawyers, and a rocket scientist. It does takes a college degree to gain the knowledge and education to advance in new technology and create new societies. The scientists are a valuable part of our society because they create new drugs and treatments thatShow MoreRelatedEducation As A Social Function991 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to John Dewey education plays a large role in the development of an individual and it is an element that separates humans from other animals. It is important to try to comprehend what Dewey means by this and in order to do so the following must be done. First, one must understand the role education plays in an individual and Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction and social function. Second, after comprehending Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth,Read MoreEducation in the Caribbean Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesEducation in the Caribbean According to Emille Durkheim, â€Å"Education is the acquisition of knowledge and the learning of skills. It often helps to shape beliefs and moral values.† Education is one of the very tools through which social change and transformation can be achieved. Education, and in particular the teaching of history provides a link between the student and society and also a sense of belonging. The teaching of history helps to shape an individual’s belief’sRead MoreFunctionalist And Conflict Paradigm Of The Role Schooling And Education1580 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. once said that â€Å"the function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education†. When we think of schooling and education and what it really entails many might assume it serves the same function. In this essay we shall elaborate on the views of the functionalist and conflict paradigm of the role schooling and education, we will also look at the differences and similarities of the two theoriesRead MoreAsses the Functionalist Role of Education in Society Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctionalist role of education in society The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to prepare them for working life in the economy, also to integrate individuals and teach them the norms, values and roles within society. There are many different sociological theories that differ within the role of education within society that attempt to try and explain how society or aspects of society work together. There are several perspectives on the sociology of education that are importantRead MoreHeredity and Environment: Agents of Socialization Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate over heredity versus environment continues to prevail, while researchers discover both heredity and environment equally contribute to socialization. The process of socialization is better understood when examining how heredity and environment function alone. Socialization begins in the womb and ends in the grave. Individuals learn attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for a particular culture through human interaction. We learn from those people who matter most in our lives—family membersRead MoreDifferences Between Common Sense And Sociological Explanations Of Everyday Life1538 Words   |  7 Pagesand marxists theories of society and how they believe it functions. After which I have chosen to look at the structure of education and will explain each of the theories views as to why it exists in society. I will then evaluate the two theories views on Education. Common sense is a view imposed on a society which is learnt through casual knowledge and passed down through generations (quora.com, 2017). This knowledge can be localised and is not the same through all societies. Common sense can causeRead MoreFunction of Education on Krishnamurti1555 Words   |  7 PagesFunction of Education on Krishnamurti In The Function of Education Jiddu Krishnamurti argues that the purpose of education is to prepare people for life.   That is done by making students feel free, so that they can think freely, and won’t conform to society.   Society is corrupt, violent, and oppressive.   If students don’t think freely they will also be corrupt, violent, and oppressive.   They must think freely so that they will rebel against everything that is wrong with society, so that they canRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Essay: . Sociology Is The Scientific990 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent structures to make a society that is able to function properly. In this perspective, politics, religion, education, family and economics all work together to mold and create a society that functions smoothly. All these individual structures assemble to create and maintain equilibrium by constantly adjusting. The second perspective is known as conflict theory. This perspective is on a macro level scale as well. Although it is on a macro level scale, it sees society as being based off of competitionRead MoreDiscuss the Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalist Explanations as Applied to the Study of Contemporary Society. Support Your Response with Details and Examples from Studies Conducted in the Caribbean on Stratification.1305 Words   |  6 Pagesapplied to the study of contemporary society. Support your response with details and examples from studies conducted in the Caribbean on stratification. Functionalism is a consensus perspective that sees society as based on shared values into which members are socialized. It sees society as like an organism, each part performing functions to maintain the system as a whole. For example, religion, the education system and the family perform socialization functions. The functionalist theory though developedRead MoreDescribe the Functionalist (Emile Durkheim), Conflict (Marxist) and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education.877 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the Functionalist, Conflict and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education. Education - A Functionalist Perspective Emile Durkheim proposed an explicitly functionalist explanation of the role of education in society. The major function/task of education was, according to Durkheim, the transmission of society s norms and values. Durkheim considered that all societies must have means of passing on their norms and values to the young. If they did not, they could not continue

Born To Die by Lana Del Rey free essay sample

Many of you have heard the remix of Summertime Sadness played daily on the radio, but how many of you really know the singer behind the remix? Lana Del Rey (or Elizabeth Grant) was a hidden gem until recently, when Cedric Gervais created a remix of one of her songs on the Born to Die album. Del Rey has been compared to Marina and the Diamonds, Lady Gaga, Lorde, Florence + The Machine, and many other great artists. Unsurprisingly, Born to Die is one of her most successful albums for her lyric choice, sound, and overall greatness. Del Rey’s album has a comforting sound that can calm down anybody in distress. One listen to her soothing voice and you’ll be hypnotized by her. No loud and raving dubstep or screaming rock music, just calming melodies playing in the background. Most of the songs on the album are about love or Del Rey’s life, as she revealed in an interview. Towards the end of the album her songs start to get dark and gloomy, as if she lost the love one who once brought her joy. The cover of the album seems to represent the music very well, the clean and crisp picture of her is like how she sings and how she presents herself. This album is perfect for young adults or teens like myself. I would definitely download it, its worth the money. There is an endless possibility on what you can imagine her songs are about. I would recommend this to anyone who is looking for an old time, smokey voice album.

The Bomb That Saved Millions Essays - , Term Papers

The Bomb That Saved Millions The Terror that Saved Millions The atomic bomb and it's use over the two Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is still a source of heated debate even over fifty years later. Many people on both sides -Japan and The United States- hold the belief that Truman's decision to drop the bomb was a mistake and that under no circumstances should such drastic measures be taken in war. What these people do not realize are the far more horrible alternatives than the destruction of just two cities: an invasion of mainland Japan where millions of more deaths would have occurred, Soviet aid resulting in the division of Japan into a communist nation and the destruction of their culture, the deaths of thousands of Allied prisoners of war held in Japan, and the threat of renewed hostilities from Japan not to mention the possibility of several more years of bloody conflict. Throughout the course of this paper all of these examples will be discussed, as well as why Truman's decision was the most humane and rational for all the n ations involved, including Japan. Axis power in Europe was destroyed, Hitler and Mussolini were dead, their armies annihilated, their nation's in ruins, Japan however was not. Though weakened from a near four year long war with the Allies, the Japanese continued fighting, as was their code, to fight to the death, and never surrender. President Harry Truman in the interest of saving both American and Japanese lives from an invasion of mainland Japan, authorized the use atomic bombs against Japan. The first atomic bomb to be used on Japan was composed of uranium. It was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. The explosion, which had the force of more than 15,000 tons of TNT, instantly and completely devastated 10 square kilometers of the heart of this city of 343,000 inhabitants. Of this number, 66,000 were killed immediately and 69,000 were injured, more than 67 percent of the city's structures were destroyed or damaged. The next atomic bomb to be exploded was of the plutonium type, it was dropped on Nagasaki three days later, producing a blast equal to 21,000 tons of TNT. The terrain and smaller size of Nagasaki reduced destruction of life and property, but nevertheless 39,000 people were killed and 25,000 injured, while 40 percent of the city's structures were destroyed or seriously damaged. Preceding the bombing of Hiroshima the Americans had pledged that if the Japanese did not agree to an unconditional surrender and an immediate conclusion to all hostilities that they would bomb Japan with atomic weapons. The Japanese called the Americans on a bluff or simply dismissed the American's words as tough talk and nothing more, unfortunately for the Japanese, the Americans did have the weapons they claimed they did, and weren't afraid to use them. Hiroshima was destroyed, though a catastrophe for the Japanese, it still did not mean their surrender. The Japanese, urged by their military establishment to continue the pursuit of victory still did not respond to the American threat. It took the Japanese another lost city in Nagasaki three days later to commence peace negotiations. It was too late for over 100,000 people by the time the treaty was signed aboard the American Battleship U.S. Missouri on September.2nd 1945. Japan had in essence, been defeated months before the bomb was dropped, the problem no longer existed to defeat Japan, but to secure her surrender- a far more difficult task. Quite simply, the Japanese did not believe in surrender. Their nation had never lost a war. In addition, Japan's fighting men held ingrained beliefs that to surrender was to disgrace one's self and one's nation. So deeply were these thoughts held that even after both bombs had been detonated and the entry of the Soviet Union into the war, the Japanese military still opposed surrender bitterly, and would prefer death than dishonorable capitulation. With a foe with a mind set such as this, only two options could be considered by the United States government. One being the use of atomic weapons and the other being the invasion of mainland Japan. According to Truman's top military advisors, an invasion of mainland Japan would cost